Diabetes Essay -- Health Disease Disorder Diabetes Essays Papers

Diabetes Diabetes is a lifelong disease that lavatory affect both children and adults. This disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the coupled States. It claims about 178,000 lives each year. Type one diabetes, as well as known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, usually occurs in people less than thirty historic period of age, exclusively it also whitethorn appear at any age. Diabetes is a genuinely honorable disease with many life threatening consequences, but if it is taken bang of properly, diabetics can live a normal life. Diabetes is a disease that causes an abnormally high level of dinero, or glucose, to build up in the blood. Glucose comes from aliment we receive and also from our liver and muscles. Blood delivers glucose to all the cells in the body. In people without diabetes, the pancreas gains a chemical called insulin which is released into the blood stream. Insulin helps the glucose from the food get into cells. When th e pancreas doesnt make insulin, it cant get into the cells and the insulin stays in the blood stream. The blood glucose level gets very high, causing the person to have type one diabetes. on that point ar many symptoms of type one diabetes. They include drinking irritability, excessive urination, extreme weight loss, feeling very hungry or tired, sores that dont cure and blurry eyesight. The cause of type one diabetes is unknown, although genetic tendency and childhood infections are two possibilities. The pancreas undergoes a change and cells that normally produce insulin are destroyed. This may be a result of the bodys own immune system believing the pancreas is a foreign organ. Also, type one diabetes ofttimes appears at times of physical stress and during illness when the body produces extra ... ... is a technique that monitors the glucose level without the use of needles. Another type of therapy is the artificial pancreas. It combines glucose catching and insulin preservation through a closed loop system. Mimicking the human pancreas, this therapy would register the blood glucose levels and in response deliver the right amount of insulin. Diabetes is a very serious disease that takes many lives each year. It is a lifelong disease that can be opprobrious to both adults and children if it is uncontrolled. Diabetes does not have to be fatal if accredited precautions are taken. If diabetics maintain a healthy diet and watch their carbohydrate intake they can keep their diabetes under control. Monitoring blood sugar is also necessary to live a healthy life. If diabetics know the right way of maintaining their diabetes, they can live a very normal and active life. Diabetes Essay -- wellness Disease Disorder Diabetes Essays PapersDiabetes Diabetes is a lifelong disease that can affect both children and adults. This disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. It claims about 178,000 li ves each year. Type one diabetes, also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, usually occurs in people less than thirty years of age, but it also may appear at any age. Diabetes is a very serious disease with many life threatening consequences, but if it is taken care of properly, diabetics can live a normal life. Diabetes is a disease that causes an abnormally high level of sugar, or glucose, to build up in the blood. Glucose comes from food we consume and also from our liver and muscles. Blood delivers glucose to all the cells in the body. In people without diabetes, the pancreas makes a chemical called insulin which is released into the blood stream. Insulin helps the glucose from the food get into cells. When the pancreas doesnt make insulin, it cant get into the cells and the insulin stays in the blood stream. The blood glucose level gets very high, causing the person to have type one diabetes. There are many symptoms of type one diabetes. They include drink ing irritability, excessive urination, extreme weight loss, feeling very hungry or tired, sores that dont heal and blurry eyesight. The cause of type one diabetes is unknown, although genetic tendency and childhood infections are two possibilities. The pancreas undergoes a change and cells that normally produce insulin are destroyed. This may be a result of the bodys own immune system believing the pancreas is a foreign organ. Also, type one diabetes often appears at times of physical stress and during illness when the body produces extra ... ... is a technique that monitors the glucose level without the use of needles. Another type of therapy is the artificial pancreas. It combines glucose sensing and insulin delivery through a closed loop system. Mimicking the human pancreas, this therapy would register the blood glucose levels and in response deliver the right amount of insulin. Diabetes is a very serious disease that takes many lives each year. It is a lifelong disease that can be fatal to both adults and children if it is uncontrolled. Diabetes does not have to be fatal if certain precautions are taken. If diabetics maintain a healthy diet and watch their carbohydrate intake they can keep their diabetes under control. Monitoring blood sugar is also necessary to live a healthy life. If diabetics know the right way of maintaining their diabetes, they can live a very normal and active life.

Charlie Chan :: essays papers

Charlie Chan Charlie Chan/ Rush second movies similar in actors playing similar characters, different in production values and tones. In some(prenominal) of the movies the black actors use coon characteristics. Whereas in Charlie Chan movies Mantan Moreland has the descriptive pop eyes that are mentioned in coon characteristics (Bogle72-74). He uses this high-pitched voice when he speaks (Bogle72-74). He also is shown in the movies when he dances in certain situations. He is known for one of the movies greatest clowns, And in many cases his comic relief is truly sudtle. Chris tire one of the best comedians in this day and age. Tucker has been known also for his pop eyes (Bogle 72-74). In both of his movies, Rush Hour and Rush Hour 2 he dances to varies types of music. He also has this high voice, that seems to be somewhat annoying (Bogle 72-74). He uses his dancing skills to bring laughter to the audience. Tucker is a subjective clown in all of his movies he clowns dur ing serious situation, and constantly brings a joke to the problems that have arisen. Chris Tucker has his way of bringing comedy to the picture. In the movies that he has been pictured in has constant comedy. His comedy is everlasting and doesnt stop for anything.Both Charlie Chan and Jackie Chan (Lee) play a detective in their films. Charlie Chan doesnt speak very much English in his movies. He is very patient role with his partner and the way that he handles things. His demeanor is set to be very intelligent, undercover, Low profile, and patient (Charlie Chans Secret 2). Jackie Chan also has some of the akin characteristics as Charlie Chan does. In the movies, Jackie Chan has to always try to fix some of the problems that his partner creates. Most of the time when nerve-racking to solve certain cases, he likes to be the undercover, low profile officer, same as Charlie Chan. His demeanor is to never let his guard down, but at the same time keep focused on case. In Charlie Ch an movies, which were made in the thirties and forties. The picture is made in black and white. At that time the change for these types of movies was not as popular. The running time of the movie was 60 minutes.

Definitions of Words Relating to Colonial America :: American History Puritans War Essays

Definitions of Words Relating to Colonial America1.Iroquois Confederacy confederation of five indigenous North American peoples, or nations, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca founded c.1570. 2.Powhatan Confederacy a group of 30 Native American tribes of the Eastern Woodlands.3.Raleigh, Sir Walter 1554-1618, incline soldier, explorer, courtier, and man of letters. He conceived and organized the colonizing expeditions to America that ended tragically with the lose colony on Roanoke Island, VA with Christopher Marlowe and George Chapman.4.Roanoke Island 12 mi (19 km) long and 3 mi (4.8 km) wide, off the NE coast of North Carolina between Albemarle and Pimlico sounds, site of the earliest English colony in North America. The first colonists, sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh landed in Aug. 1585 but returned to England in 1586. A second group, arriving in 1587, disappeared by the time additional supplies were brought from England in 1591. Artifacts from the lost colony are displ ayed in Fort Raleigh National Historic Site on the island.5.Virginia participation name of two English colonization companies chartered by King James I in 1606. One founded on the Plymouth Colony the other, latter cognize as the capital of the United Kingdom Company, founded colonies in the South, notably Jamestown, VA.6.Jamestown former village, SE Va., first permanent English settlement in America est. May 14, 1607, by the London Company on a peninsula (now an island) in the James R. named for the reigning English king, James I.7.Royal Colony In 1691 a new royal charter was minded(p) for the colony of Massachusetts, which incorporated the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, Marthas Vineyard, Nantucket Island, Maine, and Nova Scotia. Under the charter a popular company was established to aid the royal governor, and the right to elect representatives to the assembly was based on property qualifications, rather than on church membership. The royal charter ended control of Massac husetts government by Puritan phantasmal leaders.8.Puritans Followers of Puritanism, a movement for reform in the Church of England that had a profound influence on the social, political, ethical, and theological ideas in England and America. In America the early impertinently England settlements were Puritan in origin and theocratic in nature. The spirit of Puritanism long persisted there, and the idea of congregational democratic government was carried into the political life of the state as one source of modern democracy. 9.Plymouth Colony settled by the Pilgrims in Massachusetts in 1620. The settlers had difficulty surviving early hardships, although a treaty with dwell tribes assured peace for 50 years.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Good evening, everyone. Now is the time for me to come in front of these 400 students in identical caps and gowns and tell them to go come on and be individuals. Looks like I stir my work cut out for me. Seriously, though, consider what weve gone through. 13 years of schooling, 18 years of growing up And reflecting back on these years, what do we have to show for it? We have our memories. Some of you may k immediately the old saying, Knowledge is not what the pupil remembers alone what he cannot forget. What will remain in our minds after tonight? What memories will become those valuable gems of unforgettable knowledge? Who in the audience knows the phases of Mitosis, or can key the capitol of Togo? Not many. But one of us will ever forget that counselor who listened to us when no one else would ... that librarian who, with the kind of vision that would model Superman to shame, saw one single book out of order on the shelves, and made sure you knew about it ... or how about that custodian who astounds us all with his uncanny ability to scoop up spilled ketchup with feline grace. We can develop our minds with information as much as we want, but the verity is, those simple, rare smiles from a caring teacher mean more to all of us than any amount of knowledge ever could. Simple gratitude is all we have to offer these educators who have shaped our lives, and still these teachers continue to give every day. Routinely, we blame them for such things as the Culminating Exhibition, overcrowded lunches, and that disgusting feeling we all have when we pee there is, once again, no soap in the bathroom. But these teachers have shaped the lives of the 150 students they see daily and have given of themselves something that is irreplaceable. Who t... ... journey now to make new memories, casting off the skin of adolescence and stepping forward into independence. Some of us will become preachers, presidents, accountants, clerks. We have in this room future take office workers, caretakers, custodians, soldiers. We even have a select few who are insane enough to pursue a teaching career. In essence, it matters not what we do, but how we do it. Walk through a room, and make it just a little brighter as you leave it. In the words of Vince Lombardi, The quality of a persons look is in direct proportion to their commitment to excellence, regardless of their chosen field of endeavor. As we venture out into the world, take with you the riches of kindness, excellence, and caring that we have gained in our years here at Hosea. Keep them with you as you create new memories that will make us proud. Thank you, and God bless.

Alternate Energy Sources :: essays research papers

Alternate Energy ResourcesAs most people know our energy supply is slowly running out. We are using energy sources that all pollute the air, take up natural resources or cause damage to other(a) forms of life. Today, we are working on other forms of energy that do not pollute or cause harm to the environment. Here are someMagnetohydrobynamic violenceMagnetohydrobynamic power is where created by plasm. One way is for gases are heated to in reality high temperature to where the form plasma. They are held together by strong magnets. This creates the energy. The energy is then cooled to a gas and used to turn a turbine (The hot plasma would melt the turbine if it tired to turn it.) This is already make is coal combustion research facilities. The second way is for the plasma molecules to be heated up more or less temperatures of 5,000,000 C%. The kinetic energy is then extracted by passing through a magnetic field. This produces a strong voltage. The only disadvantages to this powe r source is the deficiency of knowledge we have for it. Hopefully, within time, we will learn about this new energy source so we crapper use it to power the future.Fusion PowerFusion Power is probably the biggest known Alternate Energy Resource. Fusion is the joining of the nuclei of two atoms to form the nucleus of a heavier element. It occurs mostly with hydrogen and other light elements. Fusion reactions, also called thermonuclear reactions, release a great deal of energy. Scientists are still conducting experiments on ways of harnessing Fusion so we squirt use it as an energy source.Microwave Power25% of the energy we use today is used to for indoor lighting. Microwave power is the art of winning light from the sun and using it to light out indoor areas. It can only be used to light up lights though. This currently be done at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and is used by several industrial companies. The Berkeley Lab researchers say that a single kiosk could be used to deputize 30 conventional ceiling fixtures in an open spaced room and still light the room at the same brightness. If this becomes an energy source that we can depend on, you may see it light all of the lights in the world. The downside to this is that scientists due say that if we used this energy source for 1 billion years, to light up the entire world, we would take off 1 year of the suns life.

Alternate Energy Sources :: essays research papers

Alternate Energy Re artificial lakesAs most people know our energy tag on is slowly running out. We atomic number 18 using energy sources that either pollute the air, take up natural resources or cause damage to other forms of life. Today, we are working on other forms of energy that do not pollute or cause harm to the environment. Here are someMagnetohydrobynamic PowerMagnetohydrobynamic baron is where created by plasma. One way is for gases are heated to really high temperature to where the form plasma. They are held together by strong magnets. This creates the energy. The energy is then cooled to a gas and apply to turn a turbine (The hot plasma would melt the turbine if it tired to turn it.) This is already done is coal combustion research facilities. The chip way is for the plasma molecules to be heated up around temperatures of 5,000,000 C%. The kinetic energy is then extracted by passing through a magnetized field. This produces a strong voltage. The only disadvantages to this power source is the lack of knowledge we have for it. Hopefully, within time, we will learn about this new energy source so we can use it to power the future.Fusion PowerFusion Power is probably the biggest known Alternate Energy Resource. Fusion is the joining of the nuclei of two atoms to form the nucleus of a heavier element. It occurs mostly with hydrogen and other lessen elements. Fusion reactions, also called thermonuclear reactions, release a great deal of energy. Scientists are still conducting experiments on ways of harnessing Fusion so we can use it as an energy source.Microwave Power25% of the energy we use immediately is used to for indoor lighting. Microwave power is the art of taking light from the sun and using it to light out indoor areas. It can only be used to light up lights though. This currently be done at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and is used by several industrial companies. The Berkeley Lab researchers record that a sing le kiosk could be used to replace 30 conventional ceiling fixtures in an open spaced room and still light the room at the same brightness. If this becomes an energy source that we can depend on, you may see it light all of the lights in the world. The downside to this is that scientists due say that if we used this energy source for 1 billion years, to light up the entire world, we would take off 1 year of the suns life.

Does Sex Sell

Whether they are on TV, radio, or in a magazine, there is no way that you can escape advertizings. They all have their cigarette audience who they have specifically designed the ad for. This is a multi billion dollar industry and advertisers study many ways that they can attract peoples attention. unrivalled way that is used the most and is in some ways very controversial is use of sex to sell products. Evan Williams, a company who sells whiskey, released a crisscross ad of a young woman dressed in her Sunday best on one side of the advertisement saying the longer you grip.On the other side they have a picture of the same woman as an adult dressed in a sexual flair saying the better it gets. In the middle of the ad is a bottle of their whiskey and next to that it says aged seven years. An analysis of the Evan Williams advertisement impart include the appeals of ethos, logos, and pathos. The target audience is both males and females in their late teens to mid twenties.This compa ny gets the male side of the equation by getting their attention and involvement drawn to the tapery woman on the right with bright colors, drawing your attention there, as well as the bottle of whiskey which is right in the middle of the page. One way to try and get the females to look at the advertisement and read it is by showing a very theater young lady who seems to be very typical of girls during their younger years. On the side of that picture they show the same girl who now has become a woman, and is very photogenic and just seems so much more powerful and sure of herself.One way that you can achieve that is to drink Evan Williams Kentucky straight bourbon whiskey. I feel that this advertisement is not very ethical at all. They send the message that if you do not wear sexy clothes and try and act sexy then(prenominal) you are not good enough. The logic behind the advertisement is almost in all essence, sexual. They are using a woman who is very attractive with bright colors standing next to a bottle of whiskey. As well, they try and use their slogan that goes with their product and apply it to a completely variant situation with a woman.They show how much better it gets when it is aged seven years. This is very degrading to the woman because they portray her as being ugly in the first photo, but after seven years, less clothing, and makeup she is much better. There is nothing wrong with the girl on the left who is just plain and simple. When you have to wear something sexual to get noticed it just continues to drain away from the collective respectability of our society. They try to play sexual emotions in this advertisement. They show an attractive woman and a bottle of whiskey.They try and make it seem that if you drink their product that you can get this woman. Also they try and use the emotions of the females talk about how a decent looking woman can become very attractive. The newer picture also is more vibrant plus she is wearing a lot m ore sexually provocative clothing than her old self, who is covered up and not showing any skin. It also seems to draw onto girls that have a lower self esteem. Showing that you will become a much happier person if you are good looking and dressed very sexually, than if you are not better looking.Personally I think that this is an unethical dilemma that we face in society today. Using sex to sell products is something that companies should stay away from. portrait images of people for personal gain is not right in my opinion. Unfortunately in our society this form of advertisement is accepted. This ad is although one that does appeal to its targets by using clever wording.

Behavior Therapy: Basic Concepts, Assessment Methods, and Applications

Behavior Therapy Basic Concepts, Assessment Methods, and Applications. Different kinds of psych anatomyer(a)apies cast off existed through with(predicate)out history, and reserve always been rooted in philosophical views of homo nature (Wachtel P. , 1997). Specifically, demeanour therapy intents to help individuals overcome difficulties in nearly any aspect of human experience (Thorpe G. & Olson S. , 1990). The techniques of fashion therapy extradite been applied to education, the workplace, consumer activities, and even sports, but sort therapy in clinical settings is largely concerned with the assessment of mental health problems.In general, demeanour therapy is a sign of psychotherapy that aims on changing undesirable types of style. It engages in identifying objectionable, nonadaptive behaviors and replacing them with healthier one(a)s. . According to Rimm D. & Masters J. (1974), the label behavior therapy comprises a large number of different techniques that make use of psychological-especially learning- principles to deal with maladaptive human behavior. Behavior therapy is a relative new kind of psychotherapy (Corsini R. & Wedding D. , 2008).As a magisterial apostrophize, behavior therapy began in the 1950s, in order to assess and distribute psychological disorders. Behavior therapy was developed by a small group of psychologists and physicians who were not satisfied with the conventional techniques of psychotherapy (Thorpe G. et al, 1990). They linked behavior therapy to experimental psychology, differentiating it from other preexisting approaches. During behavior therapys first phase, the applied developed from principles of classical and operant conditioning. There argon varying views approximately the best way to pay back behavior therapy.However, most health professionals agree to Eysencks definition Behavior therapy is the attempt to alter human behavior and emotions in a beneficial way tally to the laws of modern learning theo ry. Erwin E. (1978), instead of proposing a specific definition for behavior therapy, he referred to some basic and important characteristics that this therapy possesses. According to Erwin, behavior therapy is utilize largely to lessen human suffering or to improve human functioning. He pointed out that it is a psychological rather than a biological form of treatment.In the cases of phobias treatment, behavior therapy is usually applied to treat the symptoms directly. Moreover, behavior therapy is characteristically utilise to modify maladaptive behavior or to teach adaptive behavior. This means that the center on is on individuals behavior. In some cases, behavior therapy techniques may even be used to reduce unwanted mental states as in Davinsons (1968) use of counterconditioning to reduce sadistic fantasy, simply because the mental state itself is unwanted (as stated in Erwin, 1978).Another basic characteristic of behavior therapy is that it is often used in an additive rath er than a holistic fashion. Problems that are to be treated are first divided into their components and each component is treated separately. Last, behavior therapy is studied and used experimentally, being closely related to learning theory research. Three main approaches in contemporary behavior therapy have been identified (Corsini R. et al, 2008). These are the applied behavior analysis (ABA), the neobehavioristic meditational foreplay-response model, and the social cognitive theory.ABA refers to the application of the principles of learning and motivation from Behavior Analysis (the scientific study of behavior), and the procedures and technology derived from those principles, to the solution of problems of social significance. This approach is found on Skinners radical behaviorism. It identifies behaviors that should be extinguished and behaviors that are to be taught. It makes use of reinforcement, punishment, extinction, stimulus control, and other procedures derived from laboratory research (Corsini R. et al, 2008).It is most a great deal applied to children with autistic spectrum disorders, but is an effective tool for children with behavioral disorders, multiple disabilities, and severe intellectual handicaps. The neobehavioristic meditational stimulus-response (S-R) model features the applications of the principles of classical conditioning, and it derives from the learning theories of Ivan Pavlov, E. Guthrie, lark Hull, O. Mowrer, and N. Miller (as cited in Corsini et al, 2008). The S-R model has been linked to systematic desensitization and flooding.Systematic desensitization was developed by Joseph Wolpe (1958). It is a therapy for phobias based on counterconditioning -a technique for eliminating a conditioned response that involves wedlock a conditioned stimulus with another unconditioned stimulus to condition a new response. If the new response in incompatible with the old response, so that only one response can occur at a time, then the new response can replace the old one. In systematic desensitization, patients visualize fear- evoking stimuli while relaxing, to associate the stimuli with relaxation instead of fear. (Lieberman D. , 2004).Flooding is another psychotherapeutic technique discovered by psychologist Thomas Stampfl (1967) (as cited in Harold, 1990) that is stable used in behavior therapy to treat phobias. It works by exposing the individual to painful memories they already have aiming to put together their repressed feelings with their current awareness. Flooding works on the principles of classical conditioning (Lieberman D. , 2004). Social cognitive theory (SCT) refers to learning in terms of interaction between external stimulus response, external reinforcement, and cognitive meditational processes (Corsini et al 2008).Personal and environmental factors do not function as independent determinants rather, they determine each other. It is mainly through their behavior that individuals produce the env ironmental conditions that affect their behavior in a mutual way. New experiences are evaluated in relation to the past prior experiences help to subsequently direct and inform the individual as to how the present should be rented. Behavior therapy has mainly been associated with the era between 1950 and 1960, especially with the theories of I. Pavlov, E. Skinner, J. Wolpe, and A.Bandura (Yates A. , 1975). It is a clinical application of psychology that relies on empirically-validated principles and procedures (Plaud, 2001). Since the first behavior therapy alternatives to the analytic thinking and other associated therapies were introduced almost 50 ago (Wolpe, 1958), constant improvements in behavior therapy have mostly been supplied by its foundation on conditioning principles and theories (Eifert Plaud, 1998). Specifically, behavior therapy relies merely on the experimental orderology initiated by I. Pavlov. Clinical applications of Pavlovian onditioning principles began in 1912, when one of Pavlovs students, was the first to establish the counter-conditioning effect in the laboratory. Studies on worry have considerably assisted behavior therapys development. According to Wolpe and Plaud (1997), Wolpes experimental studies were based on the implications of early Pavlovian experiments by giving wildness to the importance of the conditioning procedures. Actually, Wolpe made important contributions to behavioral therapy, such as proposing systematic desensitization and assertiveness training, both of which have become important elements of behavioral therapy.Albert Bandura is usually associated with the development of the social cognitive theory (Corsini et al, 2008). Albert Banduras social cognitive theory derived from social learning theory. It aims to explain how behavioral principles and norms are learned through an interaction of the individual and his/her environment, mostly through the observing others. Skinner worked on radical behaviorism. He rejected traditional psychology and all the included concepts that referred to what he called mentalism.That meant any concept that revealed a belief in cause and effect relationships between mental activities and learned behavior. In the 1966 edition of his 1928 book, The Behavior of Organisms, Skinner still named the belief that emotions are important factors in behavior a mental fiction. In rundown, he thought that it is wrong, or at least not scientific, to consider that people cry because they are sorry or tremble because they are afraid. Behavior therapy developed rapidly. Three waves, that actually are three divisions of the behavior therapys development, have been proposed.The first wave focused mainly on altering overt behavior. The second wave focused on the cognitive factors that contribute to behavior. This approach is also known as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The third wave of behavior therapy was proposed by Hayes, Hollette, and Linehan (as cited in Corsini et al, 2008). It includes dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). On the whole, DBT claims that some individuals, due to unfavorable environments during childhood and due to unknown biological factors, react abnormally to emotional stimulation.Their level of arousal increases much more than rapidly, peaks at a higher level, and takes more time to go back to baseline. DBT is a technique for learning skills that aids to reduce this reaction. DBT applies mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation, and distress valuation account skills (Yates A. , 1975). Mindfulness skills include core skills. They are the most difficult skills to accomplish, but when learned, the process of thoughts and emotions occurs in an significantly different manner.Some of the processes included to the mindfulness skill, as listed by Corsini et al (2008), are the following Observe or attend to emotions without trying to terminate them when painful, descri be a thought or emotion, be nonjudgmental, stay in the present, focus on one thing at a time (one-mind beaty). Mindfulness skills are applied in later sessions, when the other (three) types of skills on focus. acceptation and commitment therapy (ACT) is a quite new type of psychotherapy, found by Steven C. Hayes in the mid 1990s.It is the development and combination of behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which has mostly been the established therapy for treatment of conditions like depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders. Acceptance and commitment therapy, like CBT, is based on the doctrine of Functional Contextualism, a modern philosophy of science rooted in philosophical pragmatism and contextualism, suggesting that words and ideas can only be understood within some kind of context and they are therefore often misinterpreted due to the fact that people have individual contexts.An additional therapy that has had an impact on ACT is Relationa l Frame therapy, a type of behavioral analysis focused on language and learning. ACT is differentiated from CBT since it directly accepts the thought, Everybody hates me. This thought is viewed without passion, and sometimes it is transformed to a phrase like I am having the thought that everybody hates me. Ding so may be repeated until the thought becomes defused. Hayes identifies about 100 defusion techniques in ACT. Previous distracting thoughts are not actively dismisses by the individual going through ACT.This is another distinguishing factor from CBT which intends to reduce distracting and unhelpful thoughts. ACT therapists argue that the process of their therapy is much briefer than CBT, and for that reason it is considered more effective. There is a variety of concepts referring to behavior therapy. Two main categories of those concepts are the learning principles and the personal variables. In classical conditioning, the researcher begins with identifying a reflex respons e, one that is activated regularly by a specific stimulus (Thorpe et al, 1990). In humans, these reflexes include he eye-blink response to dust or a puff of agate line in the eye, and the reflex of the knee jerk reflex in response to a hit in the correct point by the researchers hammer. Such reflexes appear regularly without any particular guidance, so they are considered to be unlearned or unconditioned. Classical conditioning occurs when a new stimulus acquires the ability to trigger one of these reflex responses. Operant conditioning makes use of the principles of (positive or negative) reinforcement and (positive/negative) punishment to bring about a desired response. (Lieberman D. 1994). exacting reinforcement is the presentation of something pleasant or rewarding immediately following a behavior, but In Negative Reinforcement a particular behavior is strengthened by the consequence of the stopping or avoiding of a negative condition. Moving to punishment, negative punishment occurs when in an attempt to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future, an operant response is followed by the removal of a desired stimulus, though in positive punishment an operant response is followed by the presentation of an aversive stimulus.Operant conditioning occurs when a consequence eventually becomes expected for a particular behavior. One example would be when a student is rewarded for acquiring good grades. The positive outcome of their behavior to study and achieve gain those grades is motivated by the anticipation of a positive result in addition to the good grades. In order to teach individuals complex tasks, Skinner proposed a system of successive approximations of operant learning where tasks are broken down into several(prenominal) steps that, when individually learned, summarily progress towards the complex task desired.Extinction refers to the reducing the probability of a response when a characteristic reinforcing stimulus is no long-date d presented. Discrimination learning is the process by which individuals learn to differentiate their responses to different stimuli. When the opposite occurs, that is when individuals fail to discriminate between different situations ending up with behavior on situations other than that in which it was acquired, generalization takes place (Corsini R. et al, 2008). Personal variables that were proposed by Mischel (1973, as cited in Corsini R. et al, 2008), explain and swapping between individual and situation.They include the individuals competences to create varied behaviors under appropriate conditions, his/her perception of events and people (including the self), expectancies, subjective values and self-regulatory systems. Behavior therapy is applied for and aims to treat only learned behavioral problems. Sometimes, however, health and learned behavioral problems coexist. Whether the individual being in treatment has a learned behavioral problem alone, or a learned problem which coexists with a learned one has to be determined in the beginning of the process of behavior therapy.Two additional possible situations are either the individual in therapy to have a learned behavior problem as part of a psychosomatic disorder, or to have a medical problem that just appears to have been learned (Yates A. , 1975). Behavioral assessment is vital to behavior therapy. It developed rapidly during the 1970s, after initially being a covered part of behavior therapy in terms of research and professional development (Thorpe G. , et al, 1990). Now, behavior assessment is a rich and diverse subfield of behavior therapy that continues to develop rapidly.In clinical settings, behavior therapy is a method for treating mental health problems. Treatment involves proposing and putting into practice a plan of action that aims to resolve a problem. Deciding on the plan of action depends on the problem formulation so what has to be done in the early sessions of the therapy is the agree ment of the therapist and the client on what is wrong and what has to be changed to improve or even eliminate it. Behavior therapy uses a number of assessment methods. In guided imagery the individual is guided in imagining a relaxing perspective or series of experiences (Rimm D. t al, 1974). When an individual visualizes an imagined scene reacts as though it were actually occurring therefore, imagined images can have a great impact on behavior. usance playing is a technique used in behavior therapy to provide partaking and involvement in the learning process (Thorpe G. et al, 1990). It helps the individual (learner) to receive objective feedback about his/her performance. Role playing techniques can be applied to motivate individuals pay more attention to their interpersonal state.One of its most important aspects is that it helps the learner experience a real life situation in a protected setting. Physiological recording, self-monitoring, behavioral observation, and psychologica l tests and measurements are some more examples of the assessment techniques that can be applied during the behavior therapy (Corsini R. et al, 2008). In general, behavior therapists do not use standardized psychodiagnostic tests and projective tests. They broadly make use of checklists and questionnaires, self-report scales of depression, assertion inventories, etc.These assessment techniques are not sufficient for carrying out a functional analysis of the determinants of a problem, but they are useful in establishing the initial severity of the problem and charting therapeutic power over the course of treatment. In conclusion, the clinical investigations of behavior therapists have significantly improved our understanding of how our behavior is coordinated with external events that occur in our lives they have created ways of mediating in disturbing interpersonal aspects that were not efficiently treated through other kinds of therapy.Behavior therapy can be applied to treat a fu ll range of psychological disorders. These include anxiety disorders, depression and suicide, sexual dysfunctions, marital problems, eating and weight disorders, addictive disorders, schizophrenia, childhood disorders, phobias, pain management, hypertension, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, etc. (Thorpe G. et al, 1990). References Corsini R, & Wedding D. (2008). Current Psychotherapies. New York Thomson Brooks/Cole. Eifert, G. , & Plaud, J. (1998). From behavior theory to behavior therapy (pp. 1-14).Boston, MA Allyn & Bacon. Erwin E. (1978). Behavior Therapy Scientific, Philosophical, & Moral Foundations. New York Cambridge University Press. Harold (1990). Handbook of Social and evaluation Anxiety. New York Plenum Press. Lieberman D. (2004). Learning and Memory an integrative approach. United states Thomson Wadsworth. Plaud, J. (2001). Clinical science and human behavior. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 1089-1102. Rimm D. , & Masters J. (1974). Behavior Thera py Techniques and Empirical Findings. New York schoolman press. Thorpe G. , & Olson S. 1990). Behavior Therapy Concepts, Procedures and Applications. Boston Allyn and Bacon. Wachtel P. , (1997). Psychoanalysis, Behavior Therapy, and the Relational World. Washington DC American Psychological Association. Wolpe, J. , & Plaud, J. (1997). Pavlovs contributions to behavior therapy The obvious and the not so obvious. American Psychologist, 52, 966-972. Wolpe, Joseph. 1958. mental hygiene by Reciprocal Inhibition. Stanford, CA Stanford University Press. Yates A. , 1975). Theory and Practice in Behavior Therapy. New York John Wiley & Sons.

Galveston: A History and a Guide Essay

Galveston A History and a Guide is master(a) a sound go forthing that introduces the history of this Texan territory as well as to how that take officular history affect the verbalise knowledge domains hand over status. It also correlates it to the direct effect of the said history towards the entire American society today. Likely, the cultures and traditions of the said area in Texas had been clearly shown though this reading in an aim of bringing Texas towards the others who may brace never known it yet.A clear picturesque of the Galveston is hosted through this reading through the use of pictures, maps and other overwhelmingly descriptive phrases that aim to make a connection between people who know the place and all the others who do not. Author Information Who else would be able to describe a certain area other than the one who has actually experienced living in it? This is the actual case of David McComb.As a professor of history, McComb managed to author four major bo oks that are pertaining to the Texan past accounts. His constant connection with the historical events that make up a particular place made him rather such(prenominal) competent in handling the narration for the books that he has authored with regards Texas. His undoubted understanding of not only the place but also the people of the areas that he concentrates in, make his books an enjoyable and informatory read for many.His enthusiasm in presenting everyone with the knowledge that he particularly has with regards the people who are living within the area makes the narration of the varied sections of the books more realistic and imaginatively creative on the part of the ones reading the said written pieces. Thesis of the Book More than identifying Galveston as one of the primary areas the identify the reputation of Texas within the American society the book of McComb intends to introduce the people living within the said area.The camaraderie among the people living within the sa id place has been pointed out by the author as a primary factor that characterizes the rapid growth of the small town towards progress. Galvestons plight towards continuous improvement on its economic, social and even political aspects of progressive social contemplation of growth has actually been the main capturing idea of the reading that McComb created for his readers in this particular material.Through explore and narrative approach, the author was indeed able to capture the most significant points that needed consideration on the part of relating to the readers virtually the truth behind the sweetie of Galveston. He points out further that the reason why Galveston never recant to make development on its systems of existence is that its people also never cease to make look for better changes for their society. If there is one thing that is considered by McComb as a primary difference that Galveston has from the others, it is its people.Mc Comb never forgot to rail notice of how the said group of communities making up the entire Galveston population continues to establish cooperation even in the middle of change that needs to be employ to within the traditional norms of the said community of interests. Likely, there are those who might have been giving the idea of change a hard thought, but it could never be denied that majority of the said population remains prepared for the changes in search of benefits that the said changes may offer them and their entire society later on.Most especially, these people, although different and individualistic in character always try to ad retributory to others living within their community. They themselves make it at least possible that their community would be much welcoming to all others regardless of their differences. Of course, nobody is saying that Galveston is by far the best community there is, although McComb conceptualises that the people making up this particular community makes it quite different from the others.The beauty of the area itself characterizes the people that reside in it. Methodology of the Author With an aim to both inform and entertain readers, Galveston particularly tries to foreshorten the readers with bits of informations that he thinks would be most useful for their needs with regards the knowledge that they need to incur about Texas. As he particularly aims that everyone be a part of the audience that he caters to, he uses a narrative voice to entice the readers regardless of their age and their gender.Likely, he used this approach to keep the interest of his primary readers and give them a glimpse towards the full view of the ideas that he wants to share with regards the informations that he know about Texas. Further more, to make the reading more than just the usual text book, he placed in several pictures and maps as well as several important pieces of art that makes the characterization of the Galveston history and present a more vivid image on the minds of the readers.Through these materials, the author was able to create a time-capsule like approach in insisting the informations and messages about Texas that he primarily wants to address to his target readers. Other Book Reviews Some readers have found the book a rather interesting find that makes it a much reasonable piece of writing that should be read through the ages. To quote one, he said about the book The book is short, and $10 is way too much to pay for it. Still, if you can find a used copy, it does provide solid facts about events and people from Galvestons colorful past.Cabeza de Vaca, Karankawa Indians, Michael B. Menard, Jean Laffite, The Bolivar Ferry, the Galveston harbor, William L. Moody, troth of Galveston (civil war), 1900 Hurricane, the seawall, the raising if Galveston Island, the Maceo crime family, Prohibition and various tourist attractions are briefly touched on. There are several black and white photographs, including maps and an interesting accordingly and now section about historical landmarks. (J. Brundige. Amazon. com. http//www. amazon. com/Galveston-History-Guide-Cotten-Popular/dp/0876111789/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1215011282&sr=8-1) Clearly, as noted from this review, many would find the book a fine read about the history of Texas. More than informative, it could also be noted for being entertaining through the presentations that it features. Bringing the past of Galveston into reality at present is rather a very interesting approach in presenting the truth behind the history of a place that is now recognized as a part of a simply larger region. Conclusion Everything, every place and every person has its own history.It could not be denied that many believe that whatever that history is, it characterizes the attitude and the being of a certain thing or person that it creates a background of. In the reading authored by McComb with regards Galveston Texas, the supply of such a historical fact actually makes the reader s more wonderfully acquainted with the area thus making it a more enjoyable and informative read for everyone who intends to learn about history and how it etches progress within a place towards its present status in the human community.References J. Brundige. Amazon. com. http//www. amazon. com/Galveston-History-Guide-Cotten-Popular/dp/0876111789/ref=sr_1_1? ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1215011282&sr=8-1. (July 2, 2008) David G. McComb. (2000). Galveston A History and a Guide (Fred Rider Cotten Popular History Series, No. 15). Texas Christian University Press.

Cramming Essay

IntroductionSomeone has very rightly quoted learning is like rowing upstream. It steers us through all difficulties, only when cramming leaves us nowhere. Learning means to commit to retrospection any given text. This process of memorizing surely helps students to absorb informational materials in a no specific amount of time while cramming is the practice of working intensively to absorb large amounts of informational materials in a short amount of time. What is the import of cramming? And what are the causes of cramming? What are the official veto make of cramming? Cramming is strongly discouraged by educators because the hurried coverage of studying tends to result in poor farseeing term memorization. Its hard to take in and retain a large amount of information in a short period of time. Students go to bed to look at their work load and say to themselves, Ive got time, but they soon find out how quickly their time disappears. In the present study, researchers investigated th e effects of cramming.There were 2 group of students, one group crammed by studying immediately before a test, while another group of students performed a cognitive task between studying and their test. Their test scores showed that there was no significant difference between cramming and non cramming test preparation techniques. This research might be useful to students attempting to justify cramming, or to teachers attempting to find new methods of test preparation and to know the principle and the effects of cramming to students.ABSTRACTSome students study everyday what they learnt, but some students let the studying until The night before exams and tests. Students cram for a number of reasons Including fear of failure or no time to study. This can surpass to students with jobs, has a Higher responsibility in their family, or those who may be involved in some extracurricular activities or for some who thinks that they still stimulate time but in fact they dont. The students do not follow a fixed time for study because they dont enrolment their study time. They dont take down notes of important points given in the lecture. There are variable negative effects of cramming.Procrastination, more specifically cramming, is a major problem among youths around the highschool and college years. People just like to focus on the present and forget the future which necessarily causes negative outcomes as a result of the cramming when students find themselves with much information to learn and little time in which to learn it, cramming often seems a possible option. By cramming, you are trying to learn everything you can in the limited time you have to study. Its possible to end up forgetting most of the information, causing grades to suffer. If you have no choice but to cram, focus on sections that will give you the most points on the exam or test.CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF CRAMMING TO STUDENTS AND HOW IT AFFECTS THEIR conduct AT SCHOOLCramming is the practice of memoriz ing things in a short period of time. I interviewedsome students in our school and found out some of the reasons wherefore students cram andhow it affects their behavior in school. Some say that, Students cram because lazinesscan sometimes overcome them which causes them to do their work on the last jiffyand that they have different priorities of work that leads them to entrap aside thatassignment since its so far away until the due date so they just put it off. Studentslives are so full of responsibilities and priorities that eventually leads them to begin thehabit of cramming.Their priorities begin to mix up. I remembered one of my high school teacher before say that over-committed schedules can lead tolittle or no time to do their school work. Some also say that its because of miss of knowledge, lack of initiative, lack of interest and laziness and that it usually leaves them little time in the way for residual. Students who cram during at night usually gets only 3-4 hours o f sleep causing them sleep deprivation.Sleep deprivation affects the students brain functioning which hinders them to listen attentively in class and to think straight. It also causes them to lack alertness and clog in memorizing materials which often leads them to lower test grades. Cramming does not only affect the grades of the person cramming, but also health related issues such as addictions and anxiety. Since memory is such an important component of day to day life and involves remembering for an exam, remembering due dates for a paper, remembering instructions on how to cite borrowed information, students should pass on to get the sleep they need.